Citizenship

       Citizen is the people as part of a population into state elemets. Capacity  as a citizen of a free man not a slave because citizen is member or a citizen of a member state, that is participant of a partnership established with the joint force and responsibility for the common. Therefore, every citizen has the  right certainty, privasi and responsibility.

       In the contex of indonesian for citizen (agree with constitution  1945 article 26), in the explanition that the state of people other nations, for example dutch descent, china descent wich staying in indonesian, recognizen as his homeland and be loyal to the country and become a citizen indonesian.

Principle of citizenship

       Applying the principle of citizenship, there are two guidelines , namely the principle citizenship by birth and principle of  citizenship is based on the marriage.from slide of birth there are two principles of citizenship that is often encountered , namely ius soli (place of birth) and ius sanguinis (descent), whereas the marriage  of  totality law and the principle of equality.

A.  From the side birth

         The state based on the side birth, the person a familiar two principle of citizenship, that is ius soli and ius sanguinis both of them from latin. Ius soli is citizenship of guidelines based on place or birth area while the guidelines citizenship based on blood or descent.

B.  From the side  marriage

      The citizenship of a person can alson be viewed from the marriage wich includes the principle of unity law and the principle  of equality. The principle of unity law based on the paradigm that the husband and wife or close family are at the core of society wich necessitat atmosphere prosperous, healthy and not broken.

      The principle of equality is ditermined that a marriage does not lead to change of citizenship status of equally good at his job.

The elemets that determine citizenship

1.    The element descent blood (ius sanguinis)

 citizenship of the parents determines the citizenship  of a person, it means that people  are born from parent who indonesian citizenship, he also indonesian citizens.

2.    The element of the area birth place (ius soli)

The area where a person is born determines his nationality, for example if people are born in indonesian law, he become indonesian citizens  except  including members of fereign and troops, who are still in the bond.

3.    The element naturalization (naturalisasi)

 Naturalization there are active and passive, when active someone can use the option to choose or propose will be a national of a country and if passive someone does not want naturalized  by a state or will be not given or made in the citizens, who concerned may use the right repudation.that is the right to refuse the provision of citizenship.

Problem citizenship status

            If the analysis, among  the in habitants of country there are those who are not citizens (foreignners) in that country . and this case known as aptride, bipatride and multipatride .

-         Apratide is for  peple who do not have citizenship status. 

-         Bipatride is used for people who have dual a citizenship or  a famous namely dual nationality.

-         Multipatride is used to mention the citizenship  status of a person who has two or more citizenship.

The Background of citizenship education

         Long journey history of indonesia nation begin science era before  and during colonization and than continue with struggle era and keep independence until content independence era appear contion and different strufing agree with that era.

           Spirit of fight era don’t know surrender have proved on the independent battle 17 August 1945.The spirit of nation struggle is based by faith and piety to the god and sincere to sacrifice the base struggle it is the values of struggle indonesian nation.

            The valuesof struggle indonesian nation in physic struggle take away by force defend and to independent contens have experience in set subsidied that agree  with dynamics of live,society ,nation,and state.the spitit of nation struggle have experienced taking down at physical that critical.Thais matter is caused amoung others by globalitation.

              To across globalitation and examine to future for independent content.We need a struggle non pysical that agree with profession this struggle is based by proportions of struggle indonesian nation,until we have insight and conciou consider.attitude and behavior nationalisme and eminent united with totality nation on frame work care for state for the sake of whole contans,and standing of unit indonesian state.

       Competence is hope from citizenship education

     a.The  real of education

              Citizenship education is purposed in order to have insight of nation conscious for care for nation and have opinion,demeanor and behavior as action system nationalisme base pancasila,that’s all is needed for the sake of whole countans,and standing of unit state republic of indonesia.

      b.Ability citizen of state

               To live useful and purpose be able to anticipation defelopment cange of time for future some nation very need provision since,knowledg,technology,and fine(IPTEK).which based values of pancasila,values of religious,and values of nation struggle.

     c.To sprout up knowledg of citizen

          every citizen of republic of indonesia must dominate knowledg and fine form the mission or responsible of citizenship education to sprout up insight of citizen state on matter friendship,understanding between nation,peace of world,consciousness,and protect of nation,and demeanor along with behavior principle by values of nation cultur.the archipilago and endurence of national.

      d.Foundation opinion of citizenship

          Fordinance numbre 2 years 1989 about education national system mentioned that curriculum and contents,education contain education of pancasila,religion education and citizenship education to stage and develope at all stripe kind,and educational ladder it importance that material education instructial of citizenship in instituation must be continue to stage metodology instruction to develope suitable and management effectiveness study,inqluded quality and evaluate prospect career of teacher.

       e.Competence

         Competence meaning as sets of clever equipment,feeling responcibility full must have with someone to be able implament,assigment,insector certain work.

          By means of citizenship education.citizen of unit state republic of indonesia hope be able to uderstand,analyze,and respons  problems that across society,nation,and state in accordance with continuous,and consisten purpose as lined by opening of ordinance 1945.

      

  Characteristics of democratic citizens

         To build a democratic order and civilized society, every citizen should have the democratic spirit anyway, for example :

1.    Respect and responsibility

We must respect toward  fellow citizen especially  to a society consting of a pluralitas of multi ethnicties , ethnicty, race, conviction, religion and plitical ideology, besides the citizens to must keep  harmonius relation between ethnic and responsibility.

2.    Critical

We must critical attitude of both toward the emprical reality (the reality of social, cultural, and political ) and critical attitude toward the supra_empiris  reality (religion, mythology, beliefs) and this critical attitude must to show to yourself.

3.    Open discussion and dialogue

This is one solution to minimize conflics arising from differences. Therefore, the attitude of opening themselves to dialogue and discussion is one of the characterisic citizen.

4.    Open attitude

Oppeness attitude based on pluralisme and limitations of self awareness will bring forth the ability to hold back  and not immadiately pass judgment and choice.

5.    Racional      

Decisions rationally deliver to logical attitude displayed by the citizens while irrational attitude will carry implications and selfish emosional.

6.    Fair

Method unfair is type a violation of human rights of the people who needed of unfai, and the manner of fair spirit is prupose together to become citizen beautiful.

7.     Honest

Honest is the key to the creation of harmony and harmonius relationship between citizens.

Method and obtain proof of indonesian citizenship.

            The general of explanatory law  no 62/1958, there are seven ways to obtain indonesian a citizenship. Namely :

1.    Birth

2.    Appointment

3.    Granted the request

4.    Naturalization

5.    Marriage

6.     Participate father and mother

7.    Statement

The rights and obligations of citizens

         The explanition citizen of general is a member state which has  a special status to the state, he has the rights and obligations of partnership be reciprocated toward the country. Based on the explanition of that, so that way there is rights and obligations of citizens of the country is something that must be.

           The rights of the citizens guarented by the constitution is that the formulative of human right contained in article 28 changed two contitution , that change article in the right attached to each invidual , like the right to freedom of religion and worship according beliefed,

 the right to the recognition ,protect on collateral  while the inherent obligation for every citizen as the obligation to pay monopoly, defend defensel and scurity citizen (article 29) .